fa جهانشمولی و نسبی گرایی حقوق بشر در رویکرد و رویه ی دولت های اسلامی حقوق خصوصی Pivate Law تحقیقات بنیادی یا نظری Research <div align="justify" style="direction: rtl"><o:officedocumentsettings><o:allowpng> </o:allowpng></o:officedocumentsettings> <p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt text-align: justify text-indent: 14.2pt line-height: 20pt direction: rtl unicode-bidi: embed"><span lang="FA" style="font-size: 10.5pt font-family: " xb="">در خصوص قلمرو حقوق بشر دو رهیافت کلان در حقوق بین الملل وجود دارد. رهیافت نخست به سبب فطرت و حیثیت یکسان و کرامت ذاتی انسان ها، قائل به جهان شمولی حقوق بشر است. در مقابل، رهیافت دوم با تأکید بر لحاظ نمودن تفاوت های مذهبی، قومیتی و فرهنگی در وضع قواعد حقوق بشر، معتقد به نسبی گرایی حقوق بشر است. در این میان، رهیافت اسلامی حقوق بشر، نظر به دعوت عام اسلام خطاب به کلیه&shy;ی انسان&shy;ها و محوریت فطرت و طبیعت انسانی در وضع قواعد، حکایت از جهان&shy;شمولی دارد و ملیت&rlm;ها و قومیت ها در این برداشت صرفاً طریقی برای بازشناسی افراد از یکدیگر بوده و موضوعیت ندارند. با این وجود دولت&shy;های اسلامی در عرصه بین المللی به رغم جهان&shy;بینی اسلامی با رهیافت نسبی&shy;گرایی حقوق بشر همسو گردیده&shy;اند. مقاله&shy;ی حاضر رویه دولت ها اسلامی را در تطابق با رویکرد اسلامی ارزیابی می نماید.</span></p> <w:trackmoves><w:trackformatting><w:punctuationkerning><w:validateagainstschemas><w:donotpromoteqf><w:lidthemecomplexscript></w:lidthemecomplexscript><w:compatibility><w:breakwrappedtables><w:snaptogridincell><w:wraptextwithpunct><w:useasianbreakrules><w:dontgrowautofit><w:splitpgbreakandparamark><w:enableopentypekerning><w:dontflipmirrorindents><w:overridetablestylehps></w:overridetablestylehps></w:dontflipmirrorindents></w:enableopentypekerning></w:splitpgbreakandparamark></w:dontgrowautofit></w:useasianbreakrules></w:wraptextwithpunct></w:snaptogridincell></w:breakwrappedtables></w:compatibility><m:mathpr><m:mathfont m:val="Cambria Math"><m:brkbin m:val="before"><m:brkbinsub m:val="--"><m:smallfrac 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<style type="text/css">/* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal" mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0 mso-style-noshow:yes mso-style-priority:99 mso-style-parent:"" mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt mso-para-margin:0cm mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt mso-pagination:widow-orphan font-size:10.0pt font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" mso-bidi-font-family:Arial </style> </w:donotpromoteqf></w:validateagainstschemas></w:punctuationkerning></w:trackformatting></w:trackmoves></div> Respecting the realm of human rights in international law, there are two major approaches: the first approach due to the equal nature and inherent dignity, respect for universal human rights. In contrast, the second approach, emphasizing the differences in religion, ethnicity and culture in codification of human rights, belives in relativism of human rights. In the middle, according to the Islam public invitation addressed to all human beings and the centrality of human nature in laying down the rules, Islamic approach to human rights suggests universality, and nationalities and ethnicities are merely a way to recognize people&#39;s perceptions of each other. However, the Islamic states in the international arena, despite the Islamic ontology have been aligned with the relativism approach to human rights. The present article evaluates the practice of Islamic states in accordance with the Islamic approach. حقوق بشر, اسلام, جهانشمولی, نسبی گرایی. Human Rights, Islam, Universalism, Relativism. 193 216 http://jlviews2.ujsas.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-184-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 sayed bagher mirabbasi باقر میرعباسی mirabbassi@parsilo.com 10031947532846006217 10031947532846006217 Yes Tehan University دانشگاه تهران Leila Raisi لیلا رئیسی leila.raisi@yahoo.com 10031947532846006218 10031947532846006218 No Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) sayed Taha Mousavi Mirkalayee طه موسوی میرکلائی taha_mo61@yahoo.com 10031947532846006219 10031947532846006219 No Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان